Some sectors are perceived as hard to decarbonize, like aviation. Their fuels will have to be based on circular carbon feeds to be sustainable.

In that regard, molecules like methanol, ethanol and convetional fuels (kerosine, gasoline and diesel) from renewable sources pave the way for reaching the net-zero goals in 2050.

All of these have electrochemical synthesis pathways from CO₂. Methanol and higher carbon fuels can be produced with synthesis gas (CO + H₂) whilst ethanol can be directly formed.